Python Tutorial

A class is like a template
A colon
A dot
A formatting example using string methods
A tutor
A twisty maze of codes
About special package directories
Absolute imports in Python
Adding an attribute to an instance
Adding and changing message headers
Adding another condition to an if block
Adding time
All about class and instance attributes
All about or
All about Special Handling
AlleyOOP Some Object Oriented Programming Concepts
An instance is a copy made from the template
An Objects Object Intro to New Style Classes
Anameis aname except when itsmain
Applications
Assigning to a list with slicing
Assignment always changes
Asterisk Multiplication
Augmented assignment doesnt rebind mutable data types
Avoiding the quirks of default values
Avoiding unexpected results with integer division
Being a PUGnosed PIGgie Local User Groups
Being wordy
Boolean operators - 2
Break points
Briefly meet a few other IDLE commands
Building a dict out of another dict by using a for loop
Building lists incrementally
Builtin functions
But Wait Theres More The sys Module
Buy premade bread
Calling in the Borg Pattern
Calling the right superclass method
Cats Cradle Indexing and Slicing
Changing mutable objects in a shelve database
Changing the configuration of a logger
Changing the values of class and instance attributes
Chapter Accessing the Internet
Chapter Basic Elements and Syntax
Chapter Building Applications with Modules and Packages
Chapter Introducing New Style Classes
Chapter List - 2 3
Chapter Processing Lists and Tuples
Cheese Shop Online Collection of Python Modules
Choosing between lists and tuples
Class and Instance Conventions
Classes
Classes Just for Data
Classes modules and functions
Code block syntax
Code blocks that create a namespace
Collecting Globs and Globs of Files
Combining ingredients
Combining tests
Companies that use Python
Comparatively speaking
Comparing sequence objects
Comparison operators - 2
Compiling regular expressions
Components of a datetime object
Converting a sequence
Create an instance of the Parser class
Creating a listcomp that applies a filter
Creating a subclass
Creating a table
Creating class methods
Creating MIME objects via subclasses
Creating other class attributes
Cutting through the static about methods
Data Type Does Matter
Dealing with duplicate keys
Dealing with exceptional exceptions
Debugging in IDLE
Decorating Your Code
Deep copying
Deleting items from a dict
Designing for expansion
Dictionaries
Difference
Disappearing lists
Documenting your program
Dont use the slots machine
Effects of changing attribute values
Element attributes
Encoding binary data into string data
End the line of code by typing
Evaluating a string
Everything comes from object
Examining a module
Example of a custom Text Wrapper object
Example package structure
Exceptional Type Testing
Expression and Comprehension Listcomps and Genexps
Extracting a value
False objects
Fast development
Files
Finding information about a URL
Finding largest and smallest items
Finding out about dict methods
Finding out more about string methods
Finding repeats
Finding whats in standard modules
Floating Along
Focusing on Functions
For loops
Formatting date and time information
Formatting floats
Formatting with multiple data items in a tuple
Functional versus methodical
Functions
Functions for decoding and encoding character sets
Functions for reading address headers
Functions that work with or create lists
Functions versus methods
Generator expressions
Generators yield for faster processing
Gentlemen and ladies unpack your tuples
Get in
Getting field values from a table
Getting help for messy HTML
Getting help on a function
Getting Inside the Factory How Class and Instance Namespaces Interact
Getting loopy with dicts
Giving another name to a function
Gotcha Assigning numbers and strings to slices
Hings to Know about Control Structures
Home on the range
Hooking into the power of special methods
How a string looks inside Python
How for works
How local and global names work with assignment
How local and global names work with references
Howdy xranger
Didnt think they would do that
Ickling Your Data And Relishing the Outcome
IDLE automatically indents lines for you
IDLE Musings
If statements
If the information is longer than one screen press the spacebar to see more
If We May Comment
If you want to write to the file type a comma and w
Imagining Complex Numbers
Immutable or frozen sets
Import all items from a package
Importing a module in interactive mode
Importing a module using a different name
Importing by name
Importing items from inside a module
Include debugging code in your script
Incorrect logic for Boolean expressions
Individual modules and packages
Inheriting from a builtin data type
Inheriting from multiple superclasses
Initializing a module
Initializing the spider
Input
Interpolating Between the Lines
Introducing the call function
Introduction
Island of Dr MRO
It pays to be conventional
Iterables getcher iterables
Its easier to ask forgiveness than permission
Lets continue
Lets pause for a moment
List comprehensions
List indexing and slicing
List indexing and slicing operations
Listing the contents of an imported module
Looping around
Looping through stringsYou can but why would you want to
Maintaining Your Programs
Making a saving throw
Making Exceptions for Yourself
Making Names and Storing Values
Making regexes more readable
Managing strings
Manipulating directories and their files
Mapping it out
Mary had a little lambda
Measuring and splitting strings
Mines bigger than yours Comparing strings
Mirror mirror on the wall whats the object of this all
Modular Living Storing Your Code in Files
Module module where is the module
Modules
Most punctuation marks come before digits or letters
Mutable default values can change
Namespace searching in classes and superclasses
Numeric data
Objects
Official documentation
On the line beneath your class definition header indent four spaces
On the next line type four spaces and then type the action you want repeated like this
On the same line in parentheses specify any of the following keyword arguments separated by commas
On the same line in parentheses type a message as a string
On the same line type a file or directory pathname and
On the same line type a space a space and a tuple that includes one data item for each formatting code in the string as shown here
On the same line type and the items you want to assign
On the same line type and the new list element so your line looks something like this
One quote or two
Open a command window
Opening a URL
Opening IDLE
Operating on sequence objects
Operators Are Standing By
Optional but very important On the next lines write the docstring for the function
Optional modifiers of the formatting code
Options for the open function
Order in the dict
Order please
Other useful XML modules
Out of sorts
Overview - 2 3 4 5 6
Parameters versus arguments
Getting Started
Appendixes
Pass values or names for any defaultvalue parameters whose default values you want to override
Passing information to a method
Pickling restrictions
Playing the dealer
Please repeat String operators
Press the Return or Enter key
Processing exception arguments
Processing special characters in a URL
Programming styles
Properties of a shelve object
Pseudocoding your thoughts
Python and earlier dont support newstyle classes at all and newstyle classes work differently in than in and later
Python Batteries Included
Querying the match object
Quitting interactive mode
Raising Your Code to New Levels
Random Access Reference at httpwwwwikipythonorg
Raw strings
Reading data from form fields
Reading email messages
Reading the spider web
Recognizing bare naked functions
Reductionism
Regex groups
Relative imports in Python
Rememberremember to import modules
Reminds the user to enter a number We discuss how to do this in Chapter Print statements and traceback logs
Removing indentation from strings
Representing an email message in Python
Representing data
Representing numbers by using the decimal module
Retrieving items from dicts
Reversing Your Way to Success
Roles
Run the altered script by typing code like this into your browser replace hostnamecgibin with the path to your cgibin directory and replace scriptname with the name of your script
Run the cgipy module by typing code like this into your browser replacing hostnamecgibin with the path to your cgibin directory
Running a script from the command line
Running the spider
Saving changes to disk
Seeing a few logging functions
Seeing environment variables
Seeing information about a Python object
Seeing the result of the last expression
Seeing whats inside Python objects
Setting up a basic regex search
Setting up a readandoutput process
Setting up a SQLite database
Setting up CGI output in Python
Setting up the structure
Shallow copying
Shell Game Copying and Moving Files
Similar items
Simplifying Choices Using Dicts
Size limits on floats
Slicing
Solving OS Incompatibility The os and subprocess Modules
Sorting a list of strings
Sorting out module namespaces
Special characters
Specifying a function with an arbitrary number of arguments
Specifying arguments when you call a function
Stacking and queuing with lists
Staying in the Loop
Staying on Time with the datetime and time Modules
Storing and retrieving values
Storing pickles on a shelf
Stringing Them Along
StringIO special methods
Strings Disguised as Files
Subelements
Subprocessing
Super strings
Sussing Out SQL Databases
Take a breakor else
Taking your time
Taming the Wild URL
TechnicalHash strings or hash browns
Technicallocation location location
Technicalordering up some XML
Technicalother ways of accessing module attributes
Technicalprogramming to the max
Technicalstatements and expressions Seeing the difference
Technicalteaching an old bug new tricks
Technicalwhat is Unicode and why do we care about it
Telling the difference between a class object and a function object
Testing a dict
Testing the content of strings
Testing the elements of a sequence object
Text Wrapper attributes
Thanks but Ill pass
That tricky asterisk
The actions that list objects can do slice append and so on Inheriting overriding and extending
The big deal about indentation
The complangpython Newsgroup
The embedded Python might not include all the standard Python modules
The function and class definitions
The function is designed to work in more than one way depending on which arguments are passed
The inner lives of iterators
The kind of error
The Midas touchUnicode versus str
The most popular list methods
The Mothership httpwwwpythonorg
The Python developer community
The story of Python
The Three Ds
The twoloop tango
The workings of the Spider class
The Zen of Python
Think globally act locally
Tip Additional regex resources
Tip When not to use a regex
Tip When not to use inheritance
To handle each exception a different way use multiple except clauses
To run the current line of the program and go to the next line type s
To run the script from the command line type python i followed by the name of the script including the py suffix
Tools of the re module
Tracking down tracebacks
Training your assistant
Triplescoop
True and False arent true and false
Try statements
Tryexceptelsefinally Together at last
Trying an OS command with call
Trying Things
Tuple packing
Turning Python into a Calculator with decimal
Tutorpythonorg and helppythonorg
Two Ways to Interact with Python
Type and the value you want to store
Type the following
Understanding default parameters
Understanding function namespaces
Understanding shallow copies
Understanding Web page errors
Uniquely Ordered Lists
Unpacking dictionaries
Unpacking lists or tuples
Unraveling Unicode
Updating a dictionary
Use append to add an item to the end of the queue
Use properties
Use the execute method in a for loop to write the addresses into the database
Use the function in an expression or in an assignment statement
Useful calling parameters
Using a debugger
Using a default value of None to redefine a mutable object
Using interactive mode as a calculator
Using Math Modules
Using multiple inheritance
Using Scripts and Modules
Using the interpolation operator
Using the range function with a list
Using tryfinally statements
Using XML files
Viewing and changing parameters
Wandering down the ospath
Warning Maintaining security when using HTML forms
Ways to escape
What a list is
What a tuple is
What do you really want
What sets are and arent
What spiderpy doesnt have
Whats new in class methods
Whats That Idiom
Whats up
When it comes to or else
When you want to check that the program is storing the correct values type p and the name to see its value
When youre reading a text file
Where did self go
Why modularizing is a good idea
Why Python has two kinds of integers
Why refactor
Why to while
With What Your Bare Hands The Power of with Statements
Working on a copy of a mutable object
Working with a Zip File object
Working with attributes
Working with builtin functions
Wrapping text by adding newline characters
Wrapping text by splitting it up
Writing a base class for your exceptions
Writing a basic regex
Writing a script to work in the Web environment
Writing and editing code with IDLEs text editor
Writing multiline programs in interactive mode
You and who else
You cant use any of Pythons reserved words or keywords
You Get All This The builtin Module
You have had a minimal amount of exposure to programming
You specify that the name is an attribute of a particular object Discovering where Python looks for names
Zipfile
Zipping up a Python library

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